Salicylic acid is a keratolytic and antiseptic agent,which is a key additive in many skin-care products for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, callouses, corns, keratosis pilaris and warts. Salicylic acid directly and irreversibly inhibits the activity of both types of cyclo-oxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) to decrease the formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation.Topically it works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing room for new cell growth.The clinical and pharmaceutical analysis of this drug requires effective analytical procedures for quality control and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies as well as stability study. An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry related journals has been conducted and the instrumental analytical methods which were developed and used for determination of Salicylic acid as single or combination with other drugs in bulk drugs, formulations and biological fluids have been reviewed. This review covers 75 analytical methods including spectrophotometric methods like like UV and Derivative;Colorimetric methods; chromatographic method including HPLC,HPTLC,GC and miscellaneous method like voltammetry, spectrofluorometry, non-aqueous titration, capillary electrofluoroscence were reported. The application of these methods for the determination of Salicylic acid in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples has also been discussed.
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